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POPULAR HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION 


V 



WITH 


EXPLANATIONS 


OF THE 


Monumental Hestons. 



LONDON: 

Printed by Nichols, Son, and Bentley, 

Red Lion Passage, Fleet Street: 

AND SOLD BY F. C. AND J. RIVINGTON, AND J. HARRIS; 

st. Paul’s church yard; 

JARVIS AND WETTON, PATERNOSTER ROW. 

1818. 


♦ * 




THE Lift***? 

or c ofry *m 

WAIHIKOHI 






\ 


r 


/ 























TO 

THE RIGHT REVEREND THE DEAN, 

AND 

THE REVEREND THE CHAPTER 

OF THE 

CATHEDRAL CHURCH 


ST. PAUL, LONDON, 


THIS LITTLE WORK IS MOST RESPECTFULLY 


INSCRIBED. 


EXPLANATION 

Of the References in the Ground Plan. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 
9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 


Statue of John Howard. 

-— Dr. Johnson. 

-Sir William Jones. 

-Sir Joshua Reynolds. 

Monument to Capt. Burgess. 

--- Captain Faulknor. 

--Major General Dundas. 

-Captain Westcott. 

-Captains Moss and Riou. 

-Lord Rodney. 

-Earl Howe. 

-Sir Ralph Abercromby. 

-Sir John Moore. 

-Lord Collingwood. 

-Marquis Cornwallis. 

-Lord Nelson. 


For the Descriptions of the Monuments, the Editor is in¬ 
debted to the liberal communications of the respective Artists. 


Crosby Square, 
Nov. 10, 1818. 



















EAST 



Gal/fry 


NORTH TRANSEPT 


West Torch 



|®| fi|®l ® ©| 1©]©| [«|ii 

© 

i© 


— ~— -- 



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WEST 


S OTJTH 


























































HISTORY 


OF 



t -patirs Catijehral 


♦ 


rp< 

JL HIS elegant structure, built in the purest 
style of Grecian architecture*, stands upon an 
eminence to the North of the River Thames, on 
the same spot where in majestic pomp stood the 
ancient Gothic Cathedral, so beautifully described 
by Dugdale and Hollar, which shared the fate 
of the metropolis in the memorable conflagration 
of lbflb. 

The Christian Religion was very early propa¬ 
gated in Britain, and there are good grounds for 
supposing that it was first preached in our Island 
by the Apostle of the Gentiles to w ? hom this Ca¬ 
thedral is dedicated. It certainly flourished under 

* St. Paul’s is the only English Cathedral in this 6tyle. All 
the other great ecclesiastical edifices in the kingdom are of 
Saxon or Norman architecture. 

B 




2 


the British Monarchs; and in the second century 
of the Christian aera, London was an archiepisco- 

pal see. 

The first Cathedral, built on the site of the 
Roman Praetorian camp, was demolished during 
the Dioclesian persecution in the third century, 
and rebuilt upon the old foundations, as Sir 
Christopher Wren conceived, under Constantine 
the Great. 

The religion and government of the British In¬ 
habitants were afterwards subverted by the Anglo- 
Saxons; but these Idolaters having been illumi¬ 
nated by the light of the gospel, the Christian 
altars were restored, and, according to the generally 
received opinion, Sebert, the tributary King of 
the East-Saxons, converted the temple of Diana 
into a Cathedral Church in the early part of the 
7th century, and gave to the Bishop ecclesias¬ 
tical jurisdiction over the whole of his Vice¬ 
royalty, which was co-extensive with the present 
diocess of London. Ethelbert, his superior Mo¬ 
narch, endowed the Bishop and Monastery with 
the manor of Tillingham in Essex, which is still 
retained by their successors. 

But so little progress was made in the conver¬ 
sion of the citizens, that, on the death of Sebert, 
they expelled their Bishop Mellitus, and returned 
eagerly to their idolatrous worship. After the 


3 


lapse of 50 years Bishop Erkonwaid obtained the 
Pope’ s confirmation of Privileges to his Cathedral, 
and his liberal benefactions have enrolled his 
name in the kalendar of English Saints. 

During the distractions of the Heptarchy, and 
the subsequent ravages of the Danes, London 
held a subordinate rank, and is scarcely men¬ 
tioned in history. It was consumed by fire in the 
9th century, and having been rebuilt by Alfred 
the Great, was placed by him under the govern¬ 
ment of his daughter the celebrated Ethelfleda, 
as a part of the Vice-royalty of Mercia. Edward, 
the succeeding Monarch, took the rising city un¬ 
der his own immediate jurisdiction ; but it is to 
Athelstan, the illustrious grandson of King Al¬ 
fred, that the metropolis of the British Empire is 
principally indebted for her maritime and com¬ 
mercial greatness. Athelstan may be regarded 
as the restorer, if not the founder of the Ca¬ 
thedral, and to him the members of this royal es¬ 
tablishment are indebted as their most munifi¬ 
cent benefactor. The celebrated Dunstan pre¬ 
sided over this Cathedral during the glorious 
reign of Edgar, and obtained new possessions 
with ample privileges from his royal friend and 
master, 

Canute the Great distinguished himself as 
patron of the clergy, and shewed especial favour 

' b 2 


1 



4 


to St.Paul’s, where he endowed the office of Dean. 
The palace of this Monarch was situated on the 
banks of the Thames, and occupied the south¬ 
west angle of the ancient City. This demesne 
was afterwards called Castle Bavnard Ward, from 
the Norman proprietor of the estate, an appella¬ 
tion which it still retains. 

St. Paul’s Cathedral partook also in the pious 
liberality of Edward the Confessor; but his own 
foundation, the Monastery of St. Peter, now 
Westminster Abbey, diverted much of the Royal 
patronage from the ancient church of the me¬ 
tropolis. 

A. D. 1088, the City was again laid in ruins by 
fire, and a structure on a scale of great magni¬ 
ficence was begun under the celebrated Bishops 
Mauricius and Richard de Belmeis, who prose¬ 
cuted the work with so much ardour, that we are 
informed they dedicated the whole of their epis¬ 
copal revenues to its completion. To the latter 
Prelate Henry I. granted the materials of the 
neighbouring palace or royal Castle* before men- 

* This Castle or Tower was probably built by Athelstan or 
Edgar, and the charter of Henry I. ascertains its situation to 
the south of the Cathedral. Dugdale has in one instance 
erroneously confounded this ruined mansion with the Palatine 
Tower near the River Fleet; and in another place with the 
Bell Tower near Cheapside. History of St. Paul's, Ed. Ellis, 
pp. 4, 6, 


tioned, for the reconstruction of the church, and 
gave the ditch on the north side of the Castle for 
the enlargement of the church-yard. Besides 
these endowments from Royal bount}^, numerous 
private benefactors made liberal donations “ to 
God and the Church of St. Paul’ 1 for the health 
of their souls; and thus connecting piety to their 
Creator with the relief of their fellow creatures, 
purchased the prayers of the Church by munifi¬ 
cent alms to the poor. 

The number of persons maintained out of these 
revenues was very considerable. The Cathe¬ 
drals and Monasteries were much the same in 
their origin, and bore a great resemblance to the 
universities of the present day: those especially 
under the Benedictine rule. They were, in many 
instances, and as we may charitably hope, in 
most instances, the abode of earnest though mis¬ 
taken piety, the nursery of learning, the seat of 
chearful hospitality; and their inmates were among 
the least ignorant, and the least vicious, of a dark 
and profligate age. 

The original foundation of St. Paul’s in its Mo¬ 
nastic state, was for a Bishop, 30 Canons or Pre- 
bendaries* 12 Minor Canons, and 30 Vicars. 
These, who were all of the clerical order, shared 
among themselves the various ministerial duties 
incumbent on them : the celebration of religious 


6 


offices, the attendance on the sick, the instruction 
of youth, the transcription of books, the manage¬ 
ment of their revenues, and the distribution of 
alms. Added to these were the children of the 
choir, the young clerks educating for the ministry, 
and numerous lay officers and servants. 

The whole jurisdiction belonged at first to the 
Bishop ; but he having extensive duties to per¬ 
form, in the superintendance of all the religious 
foundations within his diocess, the office of Dean 
was established, to be the head of the choir, and 
to regulate all their internal affairs; in whose 
hands the chief government of the Cathedral has 
ever since continued. 

The Precentor or Chantor ranks next in dig¬ 
nity to the Dean. It is his duty to superintend 
the singing men and choristers, and to direct and 
regulate the performance of the choral service. 

The Chancellor of the Cathedral is required to 
read lectures in divinity, to appoint a Grammar 
Master for the choristers, and to act as Secretary 
to the Chapter. The dignity still subsists, though 
the duties attached to it are said to be obsolete. 

The Major Canons, or Prebendaries, have not 
varied from their original number. They were of 
the Benedictine order, and during some centuries 
appear to have led a regular monastic life; they 
were perpetually resident in the church or close. 


and were called Canons regular. But afterwards, 
having lands allotted to them out of the church 
estates, the major part absented themselves from 
the Cathedral, and were excluded from any por¬ 
tion of the general revenues, which were shared 
among those who continued to perform their mi¬ 
nisterial duties. The number of resident Canons 
was for some time indefinite ; but since the Re¬ 
storation it has been limited to four (including the 
Dean), who take their monthly turns of residence 
and preaching. 

The Canons Residentiary, who at the present 
timecompose the Chapter of the Cathedral, are 

The Right Rev. George Lord Bishop of Lincoln, 
Dean of St. Paul’s ; 

Samuel Ryder Weston, D. D. 

Thomas Hughes, D. D. and 

The Hon. Gerald Valerian Wellesley, D. D. 

From the remaining 2 6 Prebendaries no other 
ecclesiastical duty is expected than to read the 
service on their induction, and to preach a sermon 
annually ; the latter duty may be performed by 
deputy. 

The twelve Minor Canons are co-eval with the 
original foundation, of which they form a part. 
They were incorporated under the title of the 
Warden and College of Minor Canons, by 
Richard II. who endowed them with lands. 


8 


distinct from those granted for the general ex¬ 
penses of the Cathedral by the Saxon Monarchs. 
The rectory of St. Gregory, near St. Paul’s, was 
appropriated to them by Henry VI. 

On a vacancy in the College, they enjoy the 
privilege of nominating two candidates, one of 
whom the Dean and Chapter are required to 
select. A good voice, a competent knowledge of 
music, and an irreproachable life, are indispen¬ 
sable qualifications. 

The Vicars choral are now laymen, and are 
reduced to six. One Vicar Choral’s place is ap¬ 
propriated to the Organist, and another has lately 
been held by the Almoner for the time being. 

The office of Almoner is of high antiquity. 
The property at his disposal was formerly of 
great value, and his duties were complicated and 
laborious ; but since the reign of Henry VIII. 
when the antient endowments belonging to the 
church and the poor were squandered with equal 
rapacity, the revenues of the Almonry have been 
barely sufficient to maintain the eight choristers 
of the Cathedral. The children have lost many 
valuable privileges, though the deficiency has 
been supplied, to a considerable extent, by the 
liberality of the Dean and Chapter. 

The original building contained also numerous 
Chapels and Altars, where masses for the dead 


9 


were celebrated day and night by Chantry Priests, 
who were an order of Clergy quite distinct from 
the Chapter and the Choir. These and other 
superstitious observances were abolished at the 
Reformation. 

The reigns of Henry VIII. and his immediate 
successors, were distinguished by an unfeeling 
neglect, or a wanton destruction of Religious edi¬ 
fices, and the venerable Cathedral of the metro¬ 
polis fell rapidly to decay. It was completely 
desecrated by the sacrilegious frenzy of the 17th 
century, and was scarcely hallowed for the per¬ 
formance of Divine service, on the Restoration of 
Charles II. when the fatal catastrophe occurred 
which closes the history of the ancient fabrick. 

In the evening of Sunday Sept. 2, a fire 

broke out near to the spot commemorated by the 
Monument, and swept away with resistless fury 
the wooden houses and narrow streets of the 
metropolis. It reached St. Paul’s Church Yard 
on the following afternoon. The sacred pile stood 
for a time uninjured by the surrounding flames, 
but the adjoining houses having caught fire, it 

communicated to the roof of the Cathedral, and 

\ 

in a few hours ail that was combustible was de¬ 
stroyed. 

The walls and towers remained in awful gran¬ 
deur, inclosing more than three acres and a half 


✓ 


10 


of land ; and the antiquary who considers the 
extreme difficulty attending the demolition of the 
sacred edifice, cannot avoid regretting that those 
foundations which were uninjured by the lapse of 
a thousand years did not serve as a basement for 
the new building. These feelings, however, will 
not be participated by the stranger, who visits the 
noble monument of national taste and splendour 
erected on the same spot. 

The Commissioners appointed to superintend 
this magnificent undertaking, in order to meet 
the general expectations of the public, gave direc¬ 
tions to Sir Christopher Wren that he should 
“ frame a design handsome and noble, suitable to 
all the ends of it, and to the reputation of the 
City and the Nation ; and to take it for granted 
that money would be had to accomplish it.” 

Nor were these hopes disappointed by the 
country. The first stone of this protestant Cathe¬ 
dral was laid June 21, 1^75? in the reign of King 
Charles II. when Dr. Henry Compton was Bishop 
of London, and Dr. William Sancroft Dean of 
St. Paul’s ; and the liberal contributions of the 
public, added to a small tax on coals, enabled the 
architect to complete his great work in 1715. 

In compliance with the general feeling of the 
Christian world, the Cathedral is built in the 
form of a cross, and is divided by two rows of 


v 


11 


pillars into a nave and side ailes, according to the 
established mode of Ecclesiastical architecture. 
The extreme length is 500 feet, the breadth from 
north to south through the transepts 2S5 feet. 
The ground plot exceeds two acres. ‘ 

It stands in a considerable area in the wards 
of Castle Baynard and Farringdon, and in the 
parishes of St. Gregory and St. Faith. The Ce¬ 
metery is enclosed by an iron balustrade of singu¬ 
lar magnificence, cast at the forge of Lamberhurst 
in Kent, at an expence of more than ^11,000. 
The palisades are in number about 2,500, each 
5 feet 6 inches in height. In the west Church¬ 
yard is a statue of Queen Anne, in whose reign 
the Church was completed. The figures on the 
base of the Pedestal are allegorical of her domi¬ 
nion over Great Britain and Ireland, France and 
America. Between England and France is a 
guideron shield with the Royal arms. This ad¬ 
mirable group was the performance of Francis 

Bird. ^ 

The west front of the Cathedral towards Lud- 
gate-street is extremely noble. The elevated por¬ 
tico leading to the grand entrance consists of 12 
Corinthian Columns, with an upper portico of 
eight columns in the Composite order, supporting 
a triangular pediment. The entablature repre¬ 
sents the History of St. Paul’s Conversion by 





12 


Francis Bird. On the apex of the pediment is 
placed a statue of the Holy Apostle to whom the 
Church is dedicated ; on his right hand towards 
the north St. Peter is distinguished by a cock ; 
St. James in the habit of a pilgrim is placed on 
St. Paul’s left hand. These figures are 11 feet in 

At the north west and south west angles of the 
Cathedral, two campanile turrets are erected of 
light and elegant architecture, each terminating 
in a dome head, ornamented with a gilt pine 
apple. The south tower contains the clock, the 
north tower the belfry. On the west front of 
these turrets the four Evangelists with their dis¬ 
tinguishing symbols are represented in a recum¬ 
bent posture. 

A semicircular portico leads to the great north 
door, or entrance to the transept, over which is 
an entablature containing the Royal arms sup¬ 
ported by angelsThe south front of the Ca¬ 
thedral corresponds with the north, excepting the 
entablature, which represents a Phoenix rising 
from the flames, the performance of Gabriel 

* At the north door of the Cathedral, attendants are in con¬ 
stant waiting to admit persons desirous of seeing the Church 
m the interval between the hours of service. For this accom¬ 
modation a small gratuity is expected. 



13 

Cibber; underneath is the expressive word Re* 
surgam*. 

The east end of the Church is semicircular, in 
a plainer style of architecture than the rest of the 
building. The cypher W. R. within a compart¬ 
ment of palm branches, surmounted by an impe¬ 
rial crown, commemorates the then reigning sove¬ 
reign William til. 

Four massy piers of stone-work, each about 
40 feet square, form the principal support of the 
stupendous dome, which rises in beautiful and 
majestic proportion where the great lines of the 
cross intersect each other. The dome is termi¬ 
nated by a lantern and globe, and on the summit 
of the whole is placed the sacred emblem of the 
Christian Faith. 

Entering the Church by either of the west 
doors, marked in the ground plan A. B. B. the 
basement of the turret C. on the right hand con¬ 
tains the geometrical stair case, that on the left 
hand D. the belfry. Beyond them, in the ailes 

f A very curious anecdote is related upon this subject. 
When Sir Christopher Wren had marked out the dimensions 
of the great dome, and fixed upon the centre, a labourer was 
ordered to bring a flat stone from the heaps of rubbish, to be 
laid for a direction to the workmen. It happened to be a 
piece of a grave-stone, with nothing remaining of the inscrip¬ 
tion but the single word Hesurgam. 




14 


of the nave, the consistory court E. and the morn¬ 
ing Chapel F. are divided from the body of the 
Church by an open screen of wainscot richly 
ornamented. In the first mentioned the Bishop 
of the Diocess holds his visitation ; and in the 
latter divine service is performed every morning 
(Sundays excepted) at six in the Summer and 
seven in the Winter. 

A large marble font occupies the second inter- 
columniation of the south aile; but the initiatorv 
sacrament of baptism is rarely if ever adminis¬ 
tered in the metropolitan Cathedral. 

Within the great north west pier is the Lord 
Mayors vestry H.; the Dean’s vestry is within the 
south east pier L; and that appropriated to the 
Minor Canons, in the corresponding pier to the 
north east K. Within the south west pier G. is a 
circular staircase, which leads by an easy ascent to 
the iron gallery at the base of the cupola. This 
is called the Whispering Gallery, from an extra¬ 
ordinary reverberation of sound, too generally 
known to need repetition. From this situation the 
view of the Church, the cupola, and the lantern 
is strikingly sublime; and here the paintings by 
Sir James Thornhill on the compartments of the 
dome are seen to the greatest advantage. These 
designs are illustrative of the most remarkable 




15 


events which are recorded in the Life of St. Paul*. 
His miraculous conversion near Damascus, as 
related in Acts, chap. ix. St. Paul preaching be¬ 
fore Sergius Paulus, with the Divine judgement 
upon Ely mas, Acts, chap. xiii. The sacrifice at 
Lystra, chap. xiv. The conversion of the Gaoler 
at Philippi, chap. xvi. St. Paul preaching to the 
Athenians, chap. xvii. The Ephesians burning 
their Magical Books, chap.xix. St.Paul’s defence 
before Agrippa, chap. xxiv. His shipwreck at 
Melita, chap, xxvii. 

The same staircase communicates with the 
galleries over the north and south ailes, leading to 
the Library and Model room. Every ancient Re¬ 
ligious establishment had a Scriptorium and Li¬ 
brary, and in this Cathedral the custody of their 
books was confided to the Chancellor. But one 
important branch of monastic employment, the 

* The following anecdote is related in the Gentleman’s 
Magazine, vol. LXXXVI. p. 302. 

“ When Sir James Thornhill was painting the Cupola of 
St. Paul’s Cathedral, a gentleman of his acquaintance was one 
day with him on the scaffolding, which, though wide, was 
not railed : he had just finished the head of one of the Apostles, 
and running back, as is usual with painters, to observe the 
effect, had almost reached the extremity; the gentleman see¬ 
ing his danger, and not having time for words, snatched up a 
jarge brush and smeared the face. Sir James ran hastily for¬ 
ward, crying out ‘ Bless my soul, what have you done ?’ ‘ I 

have saved your life,’ replied his friend,” 


16 * 


transcription of books, was rendered useless by the 
invention of printing; and the spoliations of the 
ifith century made the office of Librarian merely 
nominal. A new Library was founded by Bishop 
Compton and furnished with a handsome collec¬ 
tion of books, to which Dr. Mangey, a late canon 
residentiary, added considerably. It contains a 
few ancient MSS. probably the wreck of the old 
monastic library; but the flooring is usually pointed 
out as the object most deserving the attention of 
a casual visitor. The corresponding room in the 
north gallery contains a model of the beautiful 
altar-piece intended by the Architect to ornament 
the east end of the Church; and a large model for 
a building in the style of a Grecian temple. This 
is regarded as the design most valued by Sir Chris¬ 
topher Wren; but in the opinion of competent 
judges, we have his favourite design, and the 
master-piece of his architectural skill, in the Ca¬ 
thedral which now adorns the metropolis. This 
room contains also the canopy and other funereal 
decorations used at the interment of Lord Nelson. 
The Spanish colours, the memorials of his victory, 
are suspended under the dome. 

The Clock-works are well deserving the atten¬ 
tion of the curious. The fine-toned bell which 
strikes the hours, is clearly distinguishable from 
every other in the metropolis, and has been dis- 


25 


The pannel above contains Mr. Bacon’s Mo¬ 
nument of Captain Duff, who fell at Trafalgar. 

The design represents Britannia decorating 
a Sarcophagus with laurel, against which is placed 
a medallion of the deceased Hero; while a British 
bailor, bearing the Naval flag, is lamenting the 
loss of his Commander. 

ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE 
TO THE MEMORY OF 

captain GEORGE DUFF, 

WHO WAS KILLED XXI OF OCT. 

M. D. CCCV. 

COMMANDING THE MARS 
IN THE BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR. 

IN THE FORTY-SECOND YEA.R OF HIS AGE, 

AND THE TWENTY-NINTH OF HIS SERVICE. 




26 


Opposite to Lord Nelson’s Monument, is that 
to the memory of Margluis Cornwallis, by Mr. 
Charles Rossi. 

The design consists of a pyramidal group. 

On a circular pedestal, (or rather a truncated 
column) is placed the figure of Lord Cornwallis 
standing in the robes of the most noble order of 
the Garter. The two principal figures forming 
the base of this group, are personifications of the 
British Empire in Europe, and in the East; re¬ 
presented, not as mourners, but as doing honour 
to the memory of a faithful servant of the state, 
whose virtues and talents, during a long life, had 
been so eminently useful to his Country. 

The third figure of the group is the Bagareth, 
one of the great rivers in India; and the small 
one on his right hand is the Ganges, being the 
right branch of the Bagareth. The Ganges is 
seated on a fish and a calabash. 




I 


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27 


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28 


In the pannel above, is an Alto Relievo by Mr. 
Westmacott, to the memory of Captain John 
Cooke, of the Bellerophon. 

Britannia mourning her hero, is consoled by 
one of her children bringing her the trident; 
while another is playfully bearing her helmet. 
In the back ground is the prow of a Vessel, to 
mark the work as a Naval Monument. 

ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE 
TO THE MEMORY OF 

CAPTAIN JOHN COOKE, WHO WAS KILLED 
COMMANDING THE BELLEROPHON IN 
THE BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR, 

IN THE FORTY-FOURTH YEAR OF HIS AGE 
AND THE THIRTIETH OF HIS SERVICE. 


\ 


* 


/ 


In the South transept are the Monuments of 
Captain Burgess, and Captain Faulknor. 

In the former, by the late Mr. Banks, the Naval 
Commander receives a sword from the hand of 
Victory. Defeat and Captivity, with prows of 
Ships and allegorical devices, are introduced on 
the pedestal in basso relievo, with the following 
inscription. 


SACRED TO THE MEMORY 

of RICHARD RUNDELL BURGESS, esquire, 

COMMANDER OF HIS MAJESTY’S SHIP ARDENT, 

WHO FELL IN THE XLIIIRD YEAR OF HIS AGE, 

WHILE BRAVELY SUPPORTING THE HONOUR 
OF THE BRITISH FLAG j 

IN A DARING AND SUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT TO BREAK THE ENEMY’S LINE 

NEAR 

CAMPERDOWNE j 

ON THE ELEVENTH OF OCTOBER 1797- 
HIS SKILL, COOLNESS, AND INTREPIDITY 
EMINENTLY CONTRIBUTED TO A VICTORY 

* 

EQUALLY ADVANTAGEOUS AND GLORIOUS TO HIS COUNTRY. 

THAT GRATEFUL COUNTRY, 

EY THE UNANIMOUS ACT OF HER LEGISLATURE, 

ENROLLS HIS NAME 
HIGH IN THE LIST OF THOSE HEROES, 

WHO UNDER THE BLESSING OF PROVIDENCE 
HAVE ESTABLISHED AND MAINTAINED HER NAVAL SUPERIORITY 
AND HER EXALTED RANK AMONG NATIONS. 


In the opposite Monument, in honour of 
Captain Faulknor, the design is allegorical, 
and represents Neptune seated, receiving in his 
arms the fallen Hero, who at the same moment 

is crowned by Victory. 

The group consists of figures larger than life, 
and is placed on a plain square pedestal, whereon 
is the following inscription. 

/ 

This Monument was erected 
by the British Parliament 
to commemorate the gallant conduct 
of Captain Robert Faulknor, 
who on the 5th of January 1795 
in the thirty-second year of his age 
and in the moment of victory 
was killed on board the Blanche Frigate 
while engaging La Pique, a French Frigate 
of very superior force. 

The circumstances of determined bravery, that distinguished this action, 
which lasted five hours, deserve to be recorded. 

Captain Faulknor having observed the great superiority of the enemy, 
and having lost most of his masts and rigging, 
watched an opportunity of the bowsprit of La Pique coming athwart the Blanche, 
and with his own hands lashed it to the capstern, 
and thus converted the whole stern of the Blanche into one Battery; 
but unfortunately soon after this bold and daring manoeuvre, 
he was shot through the heart. 

This Monument is the performance of Mr. Charles Rossi. 













t 


31 


The pannel above contains a tabular Monu¬ 
ment by Mr. Flaxman, in which, Britain and 
Victory unite in raising Captain Miller’s Me¬ 
dallion against a Palm tree. The head of the 
Theseus, in which vessel the Captain died off 
the coast of Acre, is by the side of Victory. 

THIS MONUMENT IS ERECTED BY HIS COMPANIONS 


IN VICTORY. 


32 


The opposite pannel is appropriated to Captain 
Hardinge, 

The sanguinary and successful Action which 
this Monument records, having taken place in 
the East Indies where the Captain died, the In¬ 
dian Warrior bearing the victorious British 
Standard, is seated by the side of the Sarco¬ 
phagus ; while Fame, recumbent on its base, 
displays her wreath over the Hero’s name. 

NATIONAL 

To GEO. N. HARDINGE, eso. 

CAPTAIN OF THE ST. FIORENZA 36 GUNS 186 MEN 
WHO ATTACKED ON THREE SUCCESSIVE DAYS 
LA PIEDMONTAISE 50 GUNS 566 MEN 
AND FELL N£AR CEYLON IN THE PATH TO 

VICTORY 

8th march 1808 aged 2 S years. 

This Monument was the work of the late Mr. 
Charles Manning. 


17 


tinctly heard at the distance of 20 miles. This 
bell is tolled on occasion of a death in the Royal 
Family, the Lord Mayor, the Bishop of London, 
or the Dean of the Cathedral. 

The weight of this bell is 11,474 pounds. 

The clock dial is 57 feet in circumference. The 
length of the minute hand is 8 feet. A model of 
the latter is kept in the gallery leading to the 
library, for the inspection of visitors. 


e 


iS 


The Monuments and Statues lately introduced, 
in honour of the illustrious dead, have added ma¬ 
terially to the interest excited in the mind of the 
visitor. The first erected was to the memory of 
John Howard ; opened to public inspection 
A. D. 17 96 , This statue is placed near the iron 
Gate leading to the South Aile. It is the work of 
the late John Bacon, R. A. and represents the Phi¬ 
lanthropist in the act of trampling upon chains 
and fetters; while bearing in his right hand the 
key of a prison, and in his left a scroll, on which is 
engraved, Plan for the improvement of Prisons 
and Hospitals. On the front of the pedestal is 
a bas relief, representing Mr. Howard while visit¬ 
ing the interior of a prison, and conveying food 
and clothing to its distressed inhabitants. 

The words John Howard are cut in the 
marble above the bas relief. 

On one side of the Pedestal, John Bacon 
Sculptor 1795 . 

On the other side, the following inscription by 
the late Samuel Whitbread, esq. 


* i 


THIS EXTRAORDINARY MAN HAD THE FORTUNE TO BE HONOURED WHILE LIVING 


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WHICH THE PUBLIC HAS NOW CONSECRATED TO HIS MEMORY 


HE WAS BORN AT HACKNEY IN THE COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX SEPT 11% MDCCXXVI. 


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CITE AN EMULATI 


21 


The Statue of Dr. Johnson, by the same Artist, 
occupies the corresponding situation against the 
North East Pier. It represents the Philoso¬ 
pher in the attitude of profound thought, convey¬ 
ing at the same time as much of the peculiar cha¬ 
racter of this great writer, as can be exhibited in 
a single statue. 

The inscription on the pedestal is by Dr. Parr. 

A.£ 12. 

SAMUELI . JOHNSON 

GRAMMATICO . ET . CR1TICO 
SCRIPTORUM . ANGLICORUM . LITTERATE . PERITO 
POETAE • LUMINIBUS • SENTENTIARUM 
ET • PONDER.IBUS . VERBORUM • ADMIRABILI 
MAGISTRO • VIRTUTIS . GRAVISSIMO 

HOMINI . OPTIMO • ET . SINGULARIS . EXEMPLI 

% 

CIUI . VIXIT . ANN . LXXV . MENS . il • DIEB • XIIll 
DECESSIT . IDIB . DECEMBR . ANN. CHRIST, do .IoCC.LXXXIIlI 
SEPULT . IN • AED . SANCT • PETR . WESTMONASTER1ENS* 
XIIll . KAL • JANUAR . ANN • CHRIST . do . IOCCLXXXV 
AMICI • ET • SODALES . LITTERARII 
PECUNIA . CONLATA 
H . M . FACIUND . CURAVER. 

On one side of the Monument: 

FACIEBAT JOHANNES BACON SCULPTOR ANN. CHRIST. 

MDCCLXXXXV. 


I 







Against the South West Pier is placed the 
Statue of SirWiLUAM Jones, by Mr.Bacon,junr. 

He is represented in the act of study, leaning 
on the institutes of menu, having a pen in 
his right hand, and a scroll in his left. 

In the basso relievo against the pedestal, are 
Study and Genius unveiling Oriental Science. 

INSCRIPTION. 

TO THE MEMORY 

of sir WILLIAM JONES, knight, 

ONE OF THE JUDGES 

OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE 
AT FORT WILLIAM IN BENGAL. 

THIS STATUE WAS ERECTED 
BY THE HONBLE. EAST INDIA COMPANY, 

IN TESTIMONY 

OF THEIR GRATEFUL SENSE OF HIS PUBLIC SERVICES 
THEIR ADMIRATION OF HIS GENIUS AND LEARNING, 

AND THEIR RESPECT FOR HIS CHARACTER 
AND VIRTUES. 

HE DIED IN BENGAL, ON THE 24TH APRIL 1794, 

AGED 47. 


23 


The base of the North West Pier is occupied 
by the Statue'of Sir Josh ua Reynolds, the first 
President of the Royal Academy, in the Doctor 
of Laws gown, his right hand holding his Lec¬ 
tures, and his left resting on a pedestal above the 
head of Michael Angelo. 

Sir Joshua Reynolds was buried in the Crypt 
of this Cathedral, A. D. 1792 . 

JOSHUiE REYNOLDS, 

PICTORUM SUI SECULI FAQILE PRINCIPI, 

ET SPLENDORE ET COMMISSURIS COLORUM, 
ALTERNIS VICIBUS LUMINIS ET UMBRiE 
SESE MUTUO EXCITANTIUM, 

VIX ULLI VETERUM SECUNDO; 

QUI CUM SUMMA ARTIS GLORIA UTERETUR 
ET MORUM SUAVITATE ET VITiE ELEGANTIA 
PERINDE COMMENDARETUR J 
ARTEM ETIAM IPSAM PER ORBEM TERRARUM, 
LANGUENTEM ET PROPE INTERMORTUAM, 

EXEMPLIS EGREGIE VENUSTIS SUSCITAVIT, 
PR.ffiCEPTIS EXQUISITE CONSCRIPTIS ILLUSTRAVIT, 
ATQVE EMENDATIOREM ET EXPOLITIOREM, 

POSTERIS EXCERCESTDAM TRADIDIT 
LAUDUM EJUS FAUTORES ET AMICI 
HANC STATUAM POSUERUNT 
A. S. M.D.CCC.XIII. 

NATUS DIE XV MENSIS JULII M.D.CC.XXIII. 

MORTEM OBIIT DIE XXIII FEBRUARII M.D.CC.XCII. 


This Statue is by Mr. Flaxman 


24 


The Monumental honours of Lord Nelson, by 
Mr. Flaxman, occupy a distinguished place against 
one of the great piers between the Dome and the 
Choir. 

The Statue of Lord Nelson, dressed in the 
pellice received from the Grand Signor, leans on 
an anchor. Beneath, on the right of the Hero, 
Britannia directs the attention of two young 
Seamen to Nelson their great example. The 
British Lion on the other side guards the Monu¬ 
ment. 

On the cornice of the pedestal are the words 
Copenhagen, Nile, Trafalgar. 

The figures on the pedestal represent the 
North Sea, the German Ocean, the Nile, and 
the Mediterranean. 






\ 


S3 

The Monument of Major General Dundas by 
Mr. Bacon, jun. is in the North transept. 

Britannia, attended by Sensibility and the 
Genius of Britain, is represented crowning a bust 
of the General with a wreath of laurel. 

The basso relievo on the front of the pedestal, 
which supports the bust, represents Britannia 
defending Liberty from the violent attack of 
Fraud and Rebellion. 

■ \ 

Major General THOMAS DUNDAS 
• DIED JUNE 3 1794 AGED 44 YEARS 

THE BEST TRIBUTE TO WHOSE MERIT AND PUBLIC SERVICES 
WILL BE FOUND IN THE FOLLOWING VOTE OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS 
FOR THE ERECTION OF THIS MEMORIAL. 

5TH JUNE 1795. RESOLVED, NEMINE CONTRADICENTE, 

THAT AN HUMBLE ADDRESS BE PRESENTED TO HIS MAJESTY, 

THAT HE WILL BE GRACIOUSLY PLEASED TO GIVE DIRECTIONS 
THAT A MONUMENT BE ERECTED IN THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH 

ON SAINT PAUL LONDON, 

TO THE MEMORY OF MAJOR GENERAL DUNDAS, AS A 
TESTIMONY OF THE GRATEFUL SENSE ENTERTAINED BY THIS HOUSE OF 
THE EMINENT SERVICES WHICH HE RENDERED TO HIS COUNTRY, 
PARTICULARLY IN THE REDUCTION OF 
THE FRENCH WEST INDIA ISLANDS. 


fr 


D 


34 


The opposite Monument, by the late Mr. 
Banks, in honour of Captain Westcott, dis¬ 
plays the Hero falling in the arms of Victory. 

Captain Westcott was killed in the memorable 
battle of the Nile. The explosion of the French 
ship L’Orient is introduced in the basso relievo, 
and the neighbouring Egyptian shore is exempli¬ 
fied in the Sphynx and Palm trees. The recum¬ 
bent figure on the pedestal is taken from an an¬ 
cient statue of the River Nile. 

ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE 
TO THE MEMORY OF 

GEORGE BLAGDON WESTCOTT, 

CAPTAIN OF. THE MAJESTIC j 
WHO AFTER 33 YEARS OF MERITORIOUS SERVICE, 

81 

FELL GLORIOUSLY 

IN THE VICTORY OBTAINED OVER THE FRENCH FLEET OFF ABOUKIR. 
THE FIRST DAY OF AUGUST, IN THE YEAR MDCCXCVlII. 

IN THE FORTY-SIXTH YEAR OF HIS AGE. 


35 


Monument of Generals Crauford and 
Mackinnon, by Mr. Bacon junior. 

In the pannel above, the hardy Highlander is 

\ 

represented weeping over the tombs of his fallen 
Commanders, while planting the standard be¬ 
tween them. Victory alights, and places her 
wreath on the top of the standard, to mark the 
spot as sacred to the ashes of successful Valour. 
The British Lion, the Imperial Eagle, and the 
shield on which is embossed the arms of Spain, 
denote that the talents and operations of the Ge¬ 
nerals when they fell, were directed against the 
French power in the Spanish Dominions. 

ERECTED BY THE NATION 
TO MAJOR GENERAL ROBERT CRAUFORD 
AND MAJOR GENERAL HENRY MACKINNON 
WHO FELL AT CIUDAD RODRIGO JAN. 18, 181*2. 


\ 


D 52 


36 

A Tabular Monument to the Major Generals 
Mackenzie, and Lang worth, occupies the op¬ 
posite pannel. Victory laments the loss of her 
heroes, while the sons of Britain recount their 
valiant achievements. Against the tomb are 
two wreaths, intimating the fall of two Warriors. 
One of the boys bears the broken French Imperial 
Eagle, which he is displaying to the other. The 
helmet on the one boy, and the wreath of oak on 
the head of the other, imply the military service, 
connected with its honours and rewards in the 
Sons of Britain. 

This Monument was executed from a design 
by the late Mr. Charles Manning. 

NATIONAL MONUMENT 

TO MAJOR GENERAL 

J. R. MACKENZIE 

AND BRIGADIER GENERAL 

R. LANGWORTH 

WHO FELL AT 

TALAYERA 

JULY 26 

m.d.ccc.ix. 


The recess under the West window of the 
North Transept, is occupied by a group in honour 
of Lord Rodney by Mr. Charles Rossi. 

The principal figure is standing on a square 
pedestal, while Clio the Historic Muse (who is 
seated), instructed by Fame, records the great 
and useful actions of this Naval Hero. 


3§ 


The opposite recess is filled with a Monument 
to the memory of Captains Mosse and Riou, by 
the same artist. 

The idea is simply this. 

An insulated base contains a Sarcophagus, on 
the front of which Victory and Fame place the 
medallions of the two deceased Officers. 

The Services and Death 
of two valiant and distinguished Officers, 

James Robert Mosse, Captain of the Monarch , 
and Edward Riou, of the Amazon, 
who fell in the attack upon Copenhagen , 
conducted by Lord Nelson 2d April 1801, 
are commemorated by this Monument 
erected at the National expense. 


39 


James Robert Mosse, 
was born in 1746; 
he served as Lieutenant 
several years under Lord Howe, 
and was promoted 

to the rank of Post Captain in 1790. 

To Edward lliou, 
who was born in 1762, 
an extraordinary occasion was presented 
in the early part of his service 
to signalize his intrepidity 
and presence of mind 

which were combined with the most anxious 
solicitude for the lives of those under his command, 
and a magnanimous disregard of his own. 

When his ship the Guardian , struck upon 
an Island of Ice, in Dec. 1789, and afforded no prospect 
but that of immediate destruction to those on board, 
Lieut. Riotj encouraged all who desired to take their chance 
of preserving themselves in the boats, to consult their safety; 
but judging it contrary to his own duty 
to desert the vessel, 
he neither gave himself up to despair, 
nor relaxed his exertions ; 

whereby after ten weeks of the most perilous navigation 
he succeeded in bringing his disabled ship into port, 
receiving this high reward 
of fortitude and perseverance, 
from the Divine Providence 
on whose protection he relied. 


I 





40 


The Monument to Earl Howe, by Mr. Flax- 
man, is under the East window of the South 
Transept. Britannia is sitting on a rostrated 
pedestal, holding the trident in her right hand ; 
the Earl stands by her, leaning on a telescope ; 
the British Lion is watching by his side. 

History records in golden letters the relief of 
Gibraltar, and the defeat of the French Fleet 
1st June 1794. 

Victory (without wings) leans on the shoulder 
of History, and lays a branch of palm on the 
lap of Britannia. 


41 


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The Monumental group erected in honour of 
Sir Ralph Abercromby, is under the opposite 
window of the Transept. An equestrian figure 
of the General, exhausted from loss of blood, is 
represented fainting, and sustained by a Highland 
soldier. Beneath the horse the subdued enemy 
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grasp the invincible standard of the French Army, 
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pedestal bears the inscription ; and on each side 
of the Monument, is a Sphynx, to mark the 
Country in which the General conquered and fell. 

This is the w ork of Mr. Westmacott. 



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i 

The Monument of Sir John Moore, by 
Mr. Bacon junr. represents his interment by the 
hands of Valour and Victory, while the Genius 
of Spain (distinguished by the shield bearing the 
Spanish arms) is planting the victorious standard 
in his tomb. Victory lowers the General to his 
grave by her wreath of laurel. 


SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF 
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL SIR JOHN MOORE, K. B. 
WHO WAS BORN AT GLASGOW IN THE YEAR 1761. 

HE FOUGHT FOR HIS COUNTRY 
IN AMERICA, IN CORSICA, IN THE WEST INDIES, 
IN HOLLAND, EGYPT, AND SPAIN: 

AND ON THE I6tH OF JANUARY 1809, 

WAS SLAIN BY A CANNON BALL, 

AT CORUNNA. 




46 * 


The corresponding window contains a Monu¬ 
ment erected in memory ot Lord Colling- 
wood, by Richard Westmacott, R. A. 

7 J N 

The moment for illustration chosen in this 
composition is the arrival of the remains of Lord 
Collingvvood on the British shores. The body, 
shrowded in the colours torn from the Enemy, is 
represented on the deck of a Man ot War: in the 
hands of the Hero is placed the sword which he 
used with so much glory to himself, and to a 
grateful Country. 

On the foreground, attended by the Genii of 
bis confluent streams, is Thames in a cumbent 
position, thoughtfully regarding Fame, who from 
the prow of the ship reclines over the Illustrious 
Admiral, and proclaims his heroic achievements. 

The alto relievo on the gunwale of the ship 
illustrates the progress of Navigation. The ge¬ 
nius of man discovering the properties of the 
nautilus, is led to venture on the expansive bosom 
of the Ocean : acquiring confidence from success, 
he leaves his native land-marks, the stars his only 
guide. The magnet’s power next directs his 
course; and now, to counteract the machinations 
of pirates and the feuds of Nations, he forges the 
instruments of war. 


ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE TO THE MEMORY OE 


A ** 


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‘ •* 


XXI OCTOBER MDCCCV 


To the memory of Sir Isaac Brock, by the 
same Artist. 

A Military Monument, on which are placed 
the sword and helmet of the deceased ; a votive 
record supposed to have been raised by his com- 
. panions to their honoured Commander. 

His corse reclines in the arms of a British 
soldier, whilst an Indian pays the tribute of re¬ 
gret his bravery and humanity elicited. 

ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE 
TO THE MEMORY OF 
MAJOR GENERAL 

sir ISAAC BROCK, 

WHO GLORIOUSLY FELL 
ON THE 13TH OF OCTOBER, 

m.d.cccxii. 

IN resisting an attack 

ON 

QUEENSTOWN 


IN UPPER CANADA. 


49 


In the Western Ambulatory of the North 
Transept, is a Tabular Monument executed by 
Mr. Chantrey, to the memory of Major Ge¬ 
neral Hoghton. 

The design is simple, and arises out of the pe¬ 
culiar circumstances of the event it celebrates. 

General Hoghton, while leading his troops 
to a successful charge on the French at Albuera, 
received a mortal wound; but lived for a moment 
to witness the total defeat of the Enemy. The 
design, therefore, represents General Hoghton 
starting from the ground, eagerly stretching out 
his hand, directing his men, who are rushing 
on the Enemy with levelled bayonets ; while 
Victory ascending from the Field of Battle, 
sustains with one hand the British colours, and 
with the other proceeds to crown the dying Vic¬ 
tor with laurel. 

ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE TO THE MEMORY OP 
MAJOR GENERAL DANIEL HOGHTON, 

WHO FELL GLORIOUSLY IGtH MAY 1811, AT ALBUERA. 


K 


50 


The corresponding pannel is also sacred to one 
of the Heroes of Albuera. 

The design is intended to represent the union 
of Wisdom and Valour in Sir William Myers, 
whose Bust is placed on the top of the tomb. 

The figures introduced are Minerva for Wisdom, 
and Hercules for Valour, who points with one hand 
to the bust, while the other clasps that of Wisdom. 

Th is is the first National Monument executed 
by a young Artist named Kendrick. 

V «* 

' * 

ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE TO THE MEMORY OF 

LIEUTENANT COLONEL SIR WILLIAM MYERS, BART. 

WHO FELL GLORIOUSLY IN THE BATTLE OF ALBUERA, MAY 16™ 1811, 

AGED 27 YEARS. 

HIS ILLUSTRIOUS COMMANDER THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON, BORE THIS 
HONOURABLE TESTIMONY TO HIS SERVICES AND ABILITIES, 

IN A LETTER TO LADY MYERS, WRITTEN FROM ELVAS, MAY 20, 1811. 

“ IT WILL BE SOME SATISFACTION TO YOU TO KNOW THAT 

YOUR SON FELL IN THE ACTION; IN WHICH IF POSSIBLE 
THE BRITISH TROOPS SURPASSED ALL THEIR FORMER DEEDS, AND AT 
THE HEAD OF THE FUSILEER BRIGADE, TO WHICH A GREAT PART OF THE 

FINAL SUCCESS OF THE DAY WAS TO BE ATTRIBUTED. 

* 

AS AN OFFICER HE HAD ALREADY BEEN HIGHLY DISTINGUISHED, 
AND, IF PROVIDENCE HAD PROLONGED HIS LIFE, HE PROMISED 
TO BECOME ONE OF THE BRIGHTEST ORNAMENTS TO HIS PROFESSION, 
AND AN HONOUR TO IIIS COUNTRY.” 


In the Ambulatory leading from the North 
Door to the Choir, is a Tabular Monument for 
Major General Le Marchant. 

The figure of Spain is represented placing the 
trophies of Victory on the Tomb of the Warrior, 
at the same time she mourns his fall. 

Britannia, seated, is pointing to the Monu¬ 
ment raised to his memory by a grateful Nation, 
and is instructing her youth, a Military Cadet, to 
emulate his brave example. 

ERECTED 

AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE 
TO THE MEMORY OF 
MAJOR GENERAL 

JOHN GASPARD LE MARCHANT, 

WHO GLORIOUSLY FELL 

i 

IN THE BATTLE OF 
SALAMANCA. 

This monument was designed by the late James 
Smith; and executed after his decease by Mr. 
Rossi. 


52 


A plain marble slab over the Iron gates leading 


to the Choir, commemorates the Architect, under 
whose superintendance the Cathedral was rebuilt. 

SUBTUS • C NIMTUR . HUJUS • ECCLESIiE . ET RBIS 
CONDITOR . CH RISTOPHORUS • WREN . GUI . X.IT 
ANNOS • ULTRA. . NONAGINTA . NON . S1BI . : ) 

0 m 

BONO • PUBLICO . LECTOR . SI . MONUMENTUM . RE&U1RIS 


CIRCUMSPICE 

OBI IT ? XXV . FEB . ^ETATIS • XCi • 
an . m D.ccxxiii. 


The tomb of Sir Christopher Wren in the 


supposed to mark the 



South 


spot where the High Altar formerly stood. 




HERE LIETH 


sir CHRISTOPHER WREN, knt. 


THE BUILDER OF THIS CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF 


ST. PAUL 


WHO DIED 

IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 
m.D. ccxxiii. 


AND OF HIS AGE XCI. 


t 


53 


Near Sir Christopher Wren’s tomb are monu¬ 
ments to the memory of his wife and daughter, 
and t Dr. William Holder, canon residentiary 
of St Paul’s. There are also inscriptions for 
Bisho Newton ; for Sir Joshua Reynolds, James 
Barry, and John Opie, painters; for the Lord 

'| 4 _ V 

Chancellor Rosslyn, Thomas Newton, Esq. Dr. 
William Boyce, Robert Mylne the architect, and 
many deceased members of the cathedral. 

Several specimens of ancient sculpture from 
the ruins of the old cathedral, which were buried 
among the rubbish at the rebuilding, have been 
dug up at different periods, and are preserved in 
a recess under the East window. Among them 
are, the celebrated figure of Dr. Donne in his 
shroud, the supposed effigies of Sir Nicholas 
Bacon, Sir Thomas Heneage, Sir John Wolley 
and his Lady in a sitting posture, and the muti¬ 
lated bust of Dean Colet, the benevolent founder 
of the Free School in St. Paul’s Church Yard. 

But the chief object of curiosity in these sub¬ 
terranean walks is the tomb of Nelson, in the 
middle avenue of the crypt, immediately beneath 
the centre of the dome. The sarcophagus of 


54 



- 


black marble was designed by Cardinal Wolsey 
for his own entombment in St. George’s Chapel 
at Windsor. The sarcophagus is surmounted 
with a cushion and coronet, and on the pedestal 
are the words: 

HORATIO VISC. NELSON. 

The body of Lord Collingwood reposes under 
an altar-tomb near his illustrious commander. 


The Choir was finished and opened for Divine 
Service on the day of thanksgiving for the Peace 
of Ryswick, Dec. 2 , 169 J. From that period to 
the present, the solemn offices of Religion have 
continued with little interruption. 

The Choir is divided from the body of the 
church by an Organ Gallery, enriched with beau¬ 
tiful carving by Gibbon, whose decorative per¬ 
formances embellish every part of the Choir. 
The Episcopal Throne, near the altar, is pecu¬ 
liarly elegant. The Bishop’s Seat for ordinary 
occasions, on the South side of the choir, is dis¬ 
tinguished by a Mitre and Pelican. The Lord 
Mayor’s Seat, on the opposite side of the choir, 
has the City Mace and other appropriate devices. 


The Dean’s Stall under the organ gallery, is 
distinguished by a Canopy, and ornamented with 
sculptures of fruit and flowers. An adjoining 
stall is intended for the Archdeacon of Middle¬ 
sex ; and two corresponding stalls, for the Precen¬ 
tor, and the Archdeacon of London. The three 
latter, being rarely occupied by the dignitaries 
whose titles they bear, are now appropriated to 
the Canons Residentiary. On each side of the 
Choir are stalls for the remaining Dignitaries and 
Prebendaries; and seats for the Minor Canons, 
Vicars, and Choristers. The Reading Desks for 
the Lessons and Litany are in the middle of the 
choir, surrounded by a brass railing. 

The Pulpit was originally placed near the altar 
opposite to the Bishop’s throne, but has been re¬ 
moved to a more centrical situation for the greater 
convenience of the auditors. 

The Sermons were anciently delivered in the 
open air, at a Cross in the Church Yard ; from 
which circumstance they are still termed Paul’s 
Cross Sermons. The Preachers are nominated 
by the Bishop of London. There is also a Ser¬ 
mon on every Church Holiday, and on the 
Wednesdays and Fridays during Lent. The 
Dignitaries and Prebendaries are appointed to 
this duty ; but in most instances they avail them¬ 
selves of their privilege to provide a Deputy. 


The Chaplain to the Lord Mayor for the 
time being, is the Preacher on all State Holi¬ 
days ; and on the first Sunday in Easter and 
Trinity Terms, when the Lord Mayor, Aider- 
men, Judges, and City Officers attend the Ca¬ 
thedral Church. 

The Canons Residentiary preach alternately 
every Sunday afternoon. 

The Choral Service is performed daily at 
three quarters past nine in the morning, and 
a quarter past three in the afternoon. 


DIMENSIONS OF THE CATHEDRAL. 


Feet. 

Length from East to West...500 

Length of the Choir. 165 

Breadth through the Transepts.285 

Breadth of the Nave and Ailes.307 

Breadth of the Middle Aile of the Choir. 42 

Height from the Crypt.404 

From the pavement to the top of the Cross.356 


Ground Plot 2 acres 16 perches 70 feet. 




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